The Edmund A. Walsh 
School of Foreign Service

HISTORY AND MISSION

The School of Foreign Service was founded in 1919 as a direct response to the involvement of the United States in the First World War. "Having entered upon the stage of world politics and world commerce, we assume world-wide obligations. Our viewpoint can never be the same again," wrote the Rev. Edmund A. Walsh, S.J., the School's first Dean. Five years before the diplomatic corps of the United States was reorganized and named the Foreign Service, Georgetown created a program dedicated to educating students on global issues and preparing them for lives of service in the international arena. This mission reflected both the University's Jesuit heritage, with its emphasis on intercultural understanding, and its origins as an institution of the American Enlightenment, dedicated to the rights of man and the education of citizens.

Today the undergraduate program of the School of Foreign Service offers about 1,450 students a liberal arts education that stresses multidisciplinary studies in a global context. Students devote much of the first two years to a Core Curriculum that provides the essentials of a liberal education and a foundation for further intellectual development. Some elements of the Core are shared with Georgetown College and some are unique to the School of Foreign Service. During their sophomore year, students choose from one of seven majors focused on global issues. Although the majors are rooted in particular disciplines, each incorporates intellectual perspectives from several fields. For example, the program in Science, Technology, and International Affairs (the only multi- and interdisciplinary science studies major at Georgetown) combines course work in the biological and physical sciences, geography, bioethics and other areas of the philosophy and history of science, government, economics, and policy studies. This dual emphasis on international scope and multidisciplinary approaches distinguishes the curriculum of the School of Foreign Service from that of other liberal arts programs, including that of Georgetown College.

Graduates of the School of Foreign Service are a diverse group who make careers in many different areas. While the largest group of graduates works in the private sector, with law and business providing a range of opportunities, the traditions of public service and scholarship both remain strong. Alumni can be found in the areas of diplomacy, international organizations, and humanitarian work, as well as in scholarly careers as members of university faculties or research organizations. In all, about two-thirds of the School's alumni go on to postgraduate degree programs in a variety of fields.

DEGREE REQUIREMENTS

Candidates for the bachelor's degree in the School of Foreign Service must complete the following graduation requirements:

1. Successful completion (see Academic Regulations, Section III) of 40 courses (of 3 credits or more) meeting the requirements outlined below for the Core and the major and a minimum of 120 earned credits. Students transferring to the School of Foreign Service must complete at least half of this program (20 courses and 60 earned credits) during two full years of residence at the School of Foreign Service. Students who enroll for intensive language courses may have one free elective waived for each year of successfully completed intensive language course work (to a maximum of two such waivers), and are thus eligible to graduate with a minimum of 38 courses.
2. Attainment of a final cumulative grade point average of 2.0 or better.
3. Demonstration of an oral and reading knowledge of at least one modern foreign language, as demonstrated by earning a grade of "Fair" or better on the SFS language proficiency examination. Students who are certified as native speakers of a language other than English are not required to pass a proficiency examination. (Further information may be found in the section below on "Certification of Proficiency in a Modern Foreign Language.)
4. Successful completion of the geography requirement is usually met by passing Map of the Modern World; a very small number of students place out of this course by examination.

THE FIRST TWO YEARS: THE CORE CURRICULUM

The purpose of the Core curriculum is to introduce students to some key problems in history, politics, economics, literature, philosophy, and religious studies and to suggest some of the ways in which ideas and methods from these disciplines can inform each other in the study of international affairs. All first-year students take a proseminar which stresses critical reading and essay writing. A geography requirement, most often met by passing the one-credit class Map of the Modern World, rounds out the Core. Most students also take at least four semesters of a modern foreign language to prepare for the proficiency examination. Core requirements are as follows:

• One Proseminar. Proseminars are small classes which focus on reading texts closely and developing arguments in the form of the essay. Topics reflect the wide range of interests of the School of Foreign Service faculty and change from year to year. Topics offered in recent years include: National Security Law; Ethnic Wars and Class Struggles; and Money, Politics and Ethics in a Global Economy. Descriptions of all proseminars offered for the fall semester are sent to newly admitted first-year students with their pre-registration materials. See the course descriptions under INAF-100.
• Three courses in History. Students are required to take one general education course from among the following: World History, History of the Atlantic World, and Themes in European Civilization; and two regional history courses selected from a list focusing on Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Russia, Eastern Europe, or Latin America (students whose secondary education was not completed in a U.S. high school may, with Dean's Office permission, take courses in U.S. history to meet the regional requirement). Of the three courses comprising the history requirement, at least one must cover early history (courses listed as History I) and at least one must cover the modern era (courses listed as History II). For a complete list of eligible courses visit the website www.georgetown.edu/sfs/bsfs/.
• Two courses in Government. These are: International Relations and Comparative Political Systems.
• Four courses in Economics. Principles of Microeconomics and Principles of Macroeconomics introduce students to economic analysis and its applications, in preparation for the international economics courses. International Trade covers causes and effects of trade, trade policy, international trade conflicts, arguments for and against free trade, and international institutions. International Finance covers trade balance, currency exchange, macroeconomic policies, international capital market, and international monetary system.
• Two courses in Humanities and Writing. To meet the first requirement, students select HUMW-011, which has many sections organized around themes chosen by the professors. The second requirement may be met in a variety of ways. Students may take English 040-043, Gateway, or one of the cognate courses offered by the modern language departments, the Classics Department, or the Department of Art, Music and Theater. Students may substitute a literature course taught in a language other than English for the second requirement. Please note: students who are not native speakers of English may substitute Critical Writing for International Affairs, a course offered by the English as a Foreign Language Program for the above on recommendation of the Program and the Dean's Office.
• Two courses in Philosophy. These are: Political and Social Thought, which must be taken during the first year, and one other philosophy course numbered 001-199. Students are strongly encouraged to select their second philosophy course from the intermediate level numbered 100-199. Students are advised that courses touching on ethical issues offered in departments other than Philosophy do not count for one of the philosophy requirements.
• Two courses in Theology. Students choose either The Problem of God or Introduction to Biblical Literature plus one other course offered by the Theology Department.
• One onecredit course in Geography. Virtually all students take Map of the Modern World; however, it is also possible to place out of this requirement by an examination offered during the fall semester of the first year.

The Core curriculum outlined above accounts for 16 of the 40 three-credit courses students must complete to earn the bachelor's degree. Since most students take at least four semesters of modern language course work, and many students begin taking major courses during the sophomore year, they usually defer some of their required Core courses until junior or senior year. On the other hand, students who enter with Advanced Placement credits are often able to satisfy one or more of the Core requirements in this way. How students plan this aspect of their schedule depends on their individual intellectual interests. Students with a strong interest in the humanities or the sciences or in studying more than one foreign language may defer some of the social science elements of the Core until junior or senior year. Although the Core program is rigorous, it is not inflexible. Members of the Dean's Office are happy to advise students about their plans.

TYPICAL PROGRAM OF STUDY
DURING THE FIRST TWO YEARS

Fall Semester First Year

Proseminar
* Principles of Microeconomics
* Political and Social Thought
* The Problem of God or
Introduction to Biblical Literature
* A modern foreign language

Spring Semester First Year

One of the following three history courses:
      World History, History of the Atlantic World, or Themes in European Civilization
* Principles of Macroeconomics
* First course in Humanities and Writing
* Additional Core course or free elective
A modern foreign language
Map of the Modern World (1 credit)

Fall Semester Second Year

Regional History I
* International Trade
* International Relations
* A second course in philosophy, humanities and writing, or theology or free elective
A modern foreign language

Spring Semester Second Year

Regional History II
* International Finance
* Comparative Political Systems
A modern foreign language
* First course in the major

* Marks courses that may be taken either fall or spring semester.

Please note that the study plan given above assumes that one or more Core courses will be taken during junior or senior year. Often the second courses in philosophy, theology, and Humanities and Writing are deferred, but this is a matter of practice, not a rule. In some cases, courses that meet the second requirement in these three areas of the Core may also contribute to the formation for the major provided that two conditions are met: the subject matter of the course in Humanities and Writing, philosophy, or theology must be germane to the major; and the level of the course must be sufficiently advanced (i.e., it should be aimed at College students majoring in the subject). Courses designed to meet Core requirements for audiences of first- and second-year students normally may not count towards any major in the School of Foreign Service. Please consult the deans for details.

CERTIFICATION OF PROFICIENCY IN A 
MODERN FOREIGN LANGUAGE

The vast majority of SFS undergraduates take at least four semesters of a modern language beginning with the fall semester of the first year to prepare for the proficiency exam. Please note, however, that no particular number of courses in a modern language is required: some students reach the appropriate level during their first year, while others continue to prepare throughout their undergraduate careers. How many courses you take depends on the knowledge you bring upon entering SFS and whether you wish to continue studying a language with which you are familiar or to begin a new one. This is a prime topic for discussion with one of the deans during the first semester at Georgetown. Please note that language classes occupy elective slots in the academic schedule.

As a requirement for graduation, all students must pass the School of Foreign Service proficiency examination as evidence that minimum standards of language competence have been achieved. Unlike foreign language examinations given at many other universities, the SFS exam does not stress written translation; instead it focuses on a combination of reading comprehension, aural comprehension, and speaking ability, including vocabulary suited to the study of contemporary international issues. Students qualify to take this examination towards the end of the second semester of advanced language instruction at Georgetown University or by placement at the post-advanced level on the placement examination administered each autumn. With permission of the Dean's Office and the SFS faculty member in the department, a student may enroll in an intensive course in one of these languages and the proficiency examination may be taken after Intensive Advanced II. Students should be advised that for some languages (such as Russian, Arabic, Chinese, and Japanese), three full years of intensive language instruction are normally needed for language proficiency.

Language proficiency examinations will be offered in September and April of each academic year. Students who have studied at the advanced level in the linguistic area during the prior academic year or summer or have placed at the post-advanced level may attempt the proficiency examination in September. All other students are expected to take the examination in April toward the end of the advanced language course. The first examination, scheduled within the departmental deadline, will be administered without charge. Tardiness in scheduling an examination or rescheduling may result in a charge of $25.00. Additional examinations, whether a result of failure to pass or absence from a scheduled examination, will also require the $25.00 fee.

Approximately two weeks before the September and April examinations are offered, students must register for the proficiency examination at the office of the appropriate language department. A final examination schedule will be posted on the departmental bulletin boards and students are expected to present themselves for the examination at the appointed time and location. A two-member board, in larger departments selected at random from among the teaching faculty, will examine each student. Each examination will entail: a) a reading comprehension component in which the student will be given 15 minutes alone to read an article from a current public affairs or news periodical without the aid of a dictionary; b) a twenty-minute oral component in which the student will be asked by the board to summarize the article and answer questions relating to it, and to respond to a number of questions on the culture and civilization of the linguistic area as covered within the advanced course work.

Proficiency examinations are separate from final course examinations and are evaluated according to the following criteria:

• Excellent. Outstanding grammatical and idiomatic usage with very few errors. Excellent command of vocabulary and ease of expression, with accurate pronunciation, on all levels pertinent to professional international service.
• Very Good. Strong grammatical and idiomatic usage with few errors. Effective command of vocabulary and expression, with accurate pronunciation, on all levels pertinent to professional international service.
• Good. Acceptable grammatical and idiomatic usage, despite some inaccuracies, on levels pertinent to professional international service. Some signs of fluency and style with adequate pronunciation.
• Fair. Limited grammatical and idiomatic usage, with flaws in pronunciation, but generally understandable. Use of anglicisms. Ability to satisfy minimal routine needs for social conversation and very limited professional requirements.
• Poor. Unsatisfactory grammatical and idiomatic usage. Grave inaccuracies in pronunciation. Inability to communicate on a level pertinent to minimal professional needs.

Both examiners must agree on the grade awarded. Please note that the criteria for a grade of "Fair" indicate a basic working knowledge of the language. Undergraduate students receiving evaluations of "Excellent," "Very Good," "Good," and "Fair" are considered to have satisfied the degree requirement and the rating will become part of the permanent record through its entry on the final transcript. Students who fail the examination should consult with a member of the appropriate department about the additional course work that will be necessary in preparation for a reexamination. Seniors who do not pass the examination in April may be able to retake it in May.

Students who wish to be examined in a language for which no instruction is offered at Georgetown University should make arrangements through the SFS Dean's Office.

Students who are certified as native speakers of a language other than English are not required to pass a proficiency exam. By "native speaker" we mean someone whose first language is not English and who has a command of that foreign language on par with a beginning university student at an institution in which the foreign language is the language of instruction. For example, a Francophone student who passed the baccalauréat and was qualified for admission to a French university would be considered a "native speaker" for this purpose; however, a student who grew up speaking some French in an informal setting would not necessarily qualify as a native speaker according to the criteria used by the School and would need to be evaluated by the language department. Contact the Dean's Office for details.

THE SECOND TWO YEARS: MAJOR FIELDS OF STUDY

The School of Foreign Service offers majors in seven fields, all of which have significant international and interdisciplinary elements. These are: Culture and Politics, International Economics, International History, International Political Economy, International Politics, Regional and Comparative Studies, and Science, Technology, and International Affairs. Please note that credits awarded for Advanced Placement classes taken in high school may not under any circumstances be counted towards a major in the School of Foreign Service.

CULTURE AND POLITICS

The major in Culture and Politics addresses the links between cultural identity and questions of power and authority in society. The major is cross-disciplinary in nature, drawing on literature, history, philosophy, fine arts, religious studies, cultural anthropology, and social and political thought to illuminate those links and the ways they have been expressed in different societies and cultures throughout history. Culture and Politics majors explore the construction of cultural and political identity, and the ways that construction shapes and informs people's outlooks, perceptions, and beliefs. In doing so, they critically consider a broad range of texts, documents, and artifacts, including film, art, music, and visual media as well as written sources. The major exposes students to a range of theoretical tools and methodological approaches to cultural analysis, and places special emphasis on the development of critical thinking, argumentation, and writing skills.

Culture and Politics majors must take one Introduction to Culture and Politics course specially designed to introduce them to the theoretical traditions and accompanying methodologies used in cultural analysis. This course must be taken at Georgetown; no substitutions from other institutions are possible. It is strongly recommended that students take the introductory course as the first course in the major. In close consultation with the faculty mentor, students will take three courses from Field I-Humanities and three courses from Field II-Social Sciences. The Culture and Politics website lists courses for the current semester that have been preapproved for each of these categories. Humanities courses on this list provide students insight into the political, cultural, and intellectual context of literature, film, architecture, art, music, and dance. Social Science courses address the interplay of institutional structures and practices of modern life with social and political thought, especially in reference to normative judgments. Additionally, students will, in consultation with their advisors and the curricular dean for Culture and Politics, select five courses organized around a theme of particular interest to the student. These thematic concentrations may be regional, disciplinary, or topical and are selected by the students at the time they declare the major. With the approval of their advisors and the curricular dean, students may fulfill this five-course topical concentration with relevant courses drawn either from the preapproved list or from the offerings of relevant departments. In either case, courses selected for the thematic concentration must look beyond simple interpretations of cultural expression in order to focus on the entwining of various forms of cultural expression with particular ways of life and thought across cultural contexts and historical periods. Please see the BSFS website at www.georgetown.edu/sfs/bsfs for detailed course listings.

The requirements for the Culture and Politics majors may be summarized as follows:

• One Introduction to Culture and Politics course
• Three courses from Field I-Humanities
• Three courses from Field II-Social Sciences
• Five courses approved for inclusion in the student's thematic concentration

Honors in Culture and Politics

Selection of honors candidates is based on evaluations of proposals submitted during the spring semester of junior year.

In order to graduate with honors in Culture and Politics, a student must:

• Earn a cumulative grade point average of 3.33 and a grade point average of 3.67 in the major by the date of graduation.
• Successfully complete two semesters of tutorial work dedicated to preparation of the thesis.
• Submit a senior thesis on an approved topic which is judged to be of honors quality by a faculty committee appointed for this purpose.

For more details, please see the website.

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS

The International Economics major is grounded in the recognition that economic analysis is essential to the understanding of modern world affairs. With decreasing costs of transportation and information transmission, market forces are now playing a major role in the process of globalization and in international conflicts. For example, when markets link countries, domestic policies such as subsidies and environmental regulation in one country affect the welfare of other countries. The integrating force of the market is redefining boundaries beyond those of the traditional nation-state. Applications of this approach cover topics such as international trade policy, international macroeconomic policy, international economic organizations, economic growth and development, international financial markets, exchange rate determination, international migration, economic integration, international political economy, transition of former communist countries, global environment and production standards, international business and banking, and regional economies.

Students select one of the following subfields to focus on different aspects of the subject: Subfield A, International Economic Theory and Policy; Subfield B, International Finance and Commerce; and Subfield C, Economic Growth, Transition, and Development. In order to ensure a firm foundation for the advanced study of economics, students wishing to major in international economics need to have a minimum grade point average of 2.5 in the Core SFS economics sequence and receive no grade lower than a C in any of those courses.

Note that there is a minimal calculus requirement to begin the major, which is Calculus I, score of 4 or higher in AP Calculus, or passing the Mathematics Department Calculus I waiver examination. During the sophomore year, students with room in their schedules should consider taking Microeconomic Theory, Macroeconomic Theory, and Economic Statistics. Calculus I is a prerequisite to these three courses. Students considering graduate study in economics should consider taking the sequence of math courses: Calculus I & II, Multivariable Calculus, and Linear Algebra.

Below are the requirements. See the BSFS website for a listing of appropriate courses in each category.

Required Courses for All Subfields:

• ECON-101/103 Microeconomic Theory
• ECON-102/104 Macroeconomic Theory
• ECON-121 Economic Statistics
• ECON-122 Introduction to Econometrics

Additional Requirements for Subfield A:

• 4 Applied category courses
• 1 Supporting category course
• IECO-401 Senior Seminar or a 400-level ECON course

Additional Requirements for Subfield B:

• 1 Applied category course
• 2 Subfield B category courses
• 2 Supporting category courses
• IECO-401 Senior Seminar or a 400-level ECON course

Additional Requirements for Subfield C:

• 1 Applied category course
• 2 Subfield C category courses
• 2 Supporting category courses
• IECO-401 Senior Seminar or a 400-level ECON course

Honors in International Economics

In order to graduate with honors in International Economics, a student must:

• Earn a cumulative grade point average of 3.33 and a grade point average in the major of 3.67 by the date of graduation.
• Successfully complete Honors Microeconomic Theory and Honors Macroeconomic Theory, or earn grades of "A" or "A-" in the regular sections of Microeconomic Theory and Macroeconomic Theory.
• Complete a senior thesis in IECO-401 Senior Seminar. This thesis must be judged to be of honors quality by a committee of faculty members appointed for this purpose.

For more information, please contact the curricular dean or the field committee chair.

INTERNATIONAL HISTORY

The major in International History draws on the resources of the School of Foreign Service, the Department of History, and other departments of Georgetown University to offer a program of study that focuses on historical processes which transcend national boundaries. One of the cornerstones of the major is diplomatic history, an area in which Georgetown is especially rich in teaching resources. Our interest in international history, however, goes beyond study of the formal relations between states--the traditional subject matter of diplomatic history--and also addresses themes in social, cultural, and intellectual history. A second distinguishing characteristic of the major in International History is its multidisciplinary character. Historical scholarship today draws on ideas and data from subjects as varied as anthropology, philosophy, sociology, political science, religious studies, and literature, and this mix is reflected in the course work for the International History major. At least two and as many as three of the ten courses required for the major must be drawn from outside the History Department. Finally, the major in International History requires students to develop a self-designed concentration devoted to exploration of a theme or themes identified with the guidance of a faculty mentor. Students must submit a detailed study plan outlining the concentration when they declare the major. The requirements for the major in International History are as follows:

• One introductory colloquium, HIST-305, Global Perspectives on International History.
• Four courses chosen from the list in International History, including at least one colloquium.
• Five courses for the self-designed concentration within the major. Concentrations may be thematic, regional, or periodic in character and must be developed in consultation with a faculty mentor.

Honors in International History

In order to graduate with honors in International History, a student must:

• Earn a cumulative grade point average of 3.5 and a grade point average in the major of 3.67 by the date of graduation.
• Successfully complete the two-semester honors seminar offered in the Department of History. Please note that participation in this seminar is by invitation only.
• Submit a senior thesis on an approved topic that is judged to be of honors quality by a committee of faculty members appointed for this purpose.

For more information, please see the website.

INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY

The International Political Economy major investigates the rich intersection between economics and politics in the global environment. It typically goes beyond the constituent disciplines by combining traditional economic concerns about efficiency with traditional political concerns regarding distributional issues and legitimacy in market and non-market environments. The resulting combination of insights provides a means of better understanding complex interactions at the local, national and international levels.

The special character of international political economy derives in part from the methodological and substantive overlaps between the traditional disciplines of economics and political science. Methodologically, political economy combines formal modeling, comparative methods, and statistical techniques to analyze and evaluate competing theories of economic and political phenomena. In addition to using methods standard in the constituent disciplines, political economy has pioneered in developing new tools for the study of collective action in the presence of conflicting private interests.

Substantively, International Political Economy analyzes how international and domestic political factors interact with economic factors to determine outcomes in a wide variety of areas, e.g., legislation, elections, government regulation, and policy formation in response to international phenomena; unilateral and multilateral activities involving international trade, finance, aid, and natural resources; local and international growth, development, and income distribution; and the interaction among business, governments, and diplomacy. The scope of inquiry ranges from mature capitalist countries to developing economies to nations making transitions to capitalist systems. In all cases, the focus is on issues that cannot be properly understood without insights gained from both international economics and international politics.

Note that there is a minimal calculus requirement to begin the major, which is Calculus I, score of 4 or higher in AP Calculus, or passing the Mathematics Department Calculus I waiver examination. During the sophomore year, students with room in their schedules should consider taking Microeconomic Theory and Economic Statistics. Calculus I is a prerequisite to both of these courses. Microeconomic Theory is a prerequisite to Analytical Tools for Political Economy, and Economic Statistics is a prerequisite to Introduction to Econometrics. Analytical Tools for Political Economy is ideally taken in the fall semester of junior year.

Below are the requirements. See the BSFS website for a listing of appropriate courses in each category.

• Four preparatory courses: ECON-101/103 Microeconomic Theory, ECON-121 Economic Statistics, ECON-122 Introduction to Econometrics, and GOVT-288 International Political Economy
• PECO-201 Analytical Tools for Political Economy
• Four IPEC Core or Supporting category courses, at least two of which must be IPEC Core
• IPEC-401 Senior Seminar

Honors in International Political Economy

In order to graduate with honors in International Political Economy, a student must:

• Earn a cumulative grade point average of 3.33 and a grade point average in the major of 3.67 by the date of graduation.
• Complete a senior thesis in IPEC-401 Senior Seminar. This thesis must be judged to be of honors quality by a committee of faculty members appointed for this purpose.

For more information, please contact the curricular dean or the field committee chair.

INTERNATIONAL POLITICS

In the International Politics major, students learn how states and non-state actors cooperate and compete on political issues. In the post-Cold War world, there is no longer the stable hierarchy of issues that dominated policymakers' and scholars' attention from 1945 through the 1980s. Now, numerous non-security issues compete with security for the attention of policymakers, outside analysts, and citizens. The organization of the major addresses the principal building blocks of international politics today.

There are four major fields in which International Politics majors may concentrate: A) International Law, Organization, and Ethics; B) Trans-State Actors in World Politics; C) International Security Studies; and D) Foreign Policy and Policy Processes. See the website for current listings. Please note that although the majority of courses in the major are taught by political scientists, there are significant contributions from the Departments of History, Philosophy, Sociology, and Theology, and from regional studies programs.

The eleven courses for the International Politics major are divided between a six-course concentration in one of the major fields (A-D) listed above, four additional courses drawn from at least two of the other subfields, and a quantitative methodology course. The requirements are summarized as follows. See the website for detailed course listings.

• IPOL-320: Quantitative Methods for International Politics
• Six courses listed under the student's major field.
• Four additional courses listed under the other subfields. Students may take a maximum of two supporting courses towards the subfield requirement. Courses must be drawn from at least two areas outside the major field.

Honors in International Politics

Selection of honors candidates is based on evaluations of proposals submitted during the spring semester of junior year.

In order to graduate with honors in International Politics, a student must:

• Earn a cumulative grade point average of 3.33 and a grade point average in the major of 3.67 by the date of graduation.
• Successfully complete the honors seminar in International Politics offered in the fall semester. Please note that participation in this seminar is by invitation only.
• Successfully complete a spring-semester tutorial in which the senior thesis is prepared.
• Submit a senior thesis on an approved topic that is judged to be of honors quality by a committee of faculty members chosen for this purpose.

For more information, please see the website.

REGIONAL AND COMPARATIVE STUDIES

The major in Regional and Comparative Studies prepares students with training in methods and theories, and focuses that preparation on the detailed study of one ("Regional Studies") or two ("Comparative Studies") world regions. The RCST major is organized around six stand-alone geographic regions: 1) Africa; 2) Asia; 3) Europe; 4) Latin America; 5) Middle East; 6) and Russia, Eurasia, and Eastern Europe. Additionally, for the purposes of "Comparative Studies" only, students may choose either the United States or the region comprising Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific as one of their regions.

The RCST major requires the student to take two theory and methodology courses from a preapproved list of courses offered by the following disciplines: sociology, anthropology, government, history, literature, economics, demographics, international affairs, art history, and women's studies. "Regional Studies" majors must take eight courses in one of the six stand-alone regions listed above. "Comparative Studies" majors must take four courses in each of two regions. All students must also take at least four semesters of a modern language appropriate to the region(s) of their choice. Regional Studies Majors may, by petition, substitute up to two courses in the study of a relevant non-western language for two of their eight region-specific courses.

This major is designed for those who wish a theory and method-directed education centered on one or two world regions. Those whose focus is rather on the study of history; of politics; of international relations; of economics; of cultural texts, "cultural studies," and cultural thought; or of global science and technology can find a focus on those substantive topics in the other SFS majors.

Requirements for the major in Regional and Comparative Studies are summarized below. See the website for detailed course lists.

For Students Majoring in Regional Studies

• Two courses from a pre-approved list of theory and methodology courses.
• Eight region-specific courses from one of the regions numbered 1-6. Please note that the United States and the region comprising Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific may not constitute a stand-alone region for the "Regional Studies" major.

For Students Majoring in Comparative Studies

• Two courses from a pre-approved list of theory and methodology courses.
• Four region-specific courses from each of the regions to be compared; please note that the United States and Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific may constitute a region for purposes of comparison. Courses must be appropriate for the comparison and must be approved by the Curricular Dean for inclusion in the major.

In addition to the ten required courses in the major, all students in either Regional Studies or Comparative Studies must complete at least four semesters of modern language study appropriate to the region or demonstrate proficiency at an equivalent level. As noted above, Regional Studies majors may petition to have up to two semesters of study in a relevant non-western language included in their eight region-specific courses.

Special Exceptions to the regular eight-course and four-course rules:

Students by special petition may propose an alternative definition of a world region if that region's definition has an intellectual validity and a compelling claim can be made that it cannot be studied well via one or two of the standard regions listed above. Among possible candidates might be "The Islamic World," "The (Trans) Atlantic World," "Pacific Rim Studies," and "Peoples (or Nations) of the African Diaspora," all of which are the subjects of contemporary scholarly work. All eight courses proposed to fulfill such a concentration must be approved by the Field Chair independently of any region-specific listings.

Honors in Regional and Comparative Studies

Selection of honors candidates is based on evaluations of proposals submitted during the spring semester of junior year.

In order to graduate with honors in Regional and Comparative Studies, a student must:

• Earn a cumulative grade point average of 3.33 and a grade point average of 3.67 in the major by the date of graduation.
• Successfully complete two semesters of tutorial work dedicated to preparation of the thesis.
• Submit a senior thesis on an approved topic that is judged to be of honors quality by a faculty committee appointed for this purpose.

For more details, please see the website.

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

The major in Science, Technology, and International Affairs (STIA) aims to equip students with the tools needed to understand the complex array of problems at the intersection of science and international affairs. STIA is the only multi- and interdisciplinary science studies major offered by Georgetown University.

SFS students electing to major in Science, Technology, and International Affairs select one of four subfields: 1) Environment and Energy, 2) Science, Technology, Growth and Development, 3) Biotechnology and Global Health, and 4) Science, Technology and Security. Regardless of the subfield chosen, all STIA majors must complete 12 courses in the major, drawn as follows from the four designated groups.

Group I: Two Framework courses--Science and Technology in the Global Arena (STIA-305) and a senior seminar.

Group II: Four courses the chosen subfields.

Group III: At least four and not more than six courses in natural science (including laboratory courses), mathematics, or computer science relating to the chosen subfield.

Group IV: Depending on the number of science courses taken from Group III, the student will take at least one and not more than three STIA electives in order to bring the total number of major courses to the required 12.

Please note that courses commissioned by the major in Science, Technology, and International Affairs will appear under a separate heading in the Schedule of Classes under the prefix "STIA".

Honors in Science, Technology, and
International Affairs

Selection of honors candidates is based on evaluations of proposals submitted during the spring semester of junior year.

In order to graduate with honors in Science, Technology, and International Affairs, a student must:

• Earn a cumulative grade point average of 3.33 and a grade point average of 3.67 in the major by the date of graduation.
• Successfully complete both semesters of the senior seminar.
• Submit a senior thesis on an approved topic which is judged to be of honors quality by a faculty committee appointed for this purpose.

For more details, please see the website.

A NOTE ON MODIFICATIONS TO THE MAJORS

It is possible for students who wish to pursue a modified version of one of the seven majors to petition for permission to do so. Usually the modifications involve substituting one or two courses for those included on the current course lists. Students should consult the curricular dean responsible for their major for details. Without exception, a faculty mentor and the chair of the appropriate field committee must endorse the modifications.

INDEPENDENT MAJORS

There are rare cases in which a student has received permission to pursue an independent major that does not fall under the jurisdiction of one of the seven major field committees. Such cases require a detailed description of the plan of study and approval by at least two faculty members and the Director of the Undergraduate Program before they may be considered by the Standards Committee, which makes the final decision on the proposal.

ADVISING

With an enrollment of about 350 students per class, the undergraduate program of the School of Foreign Service offers an intimate setting within Georgetown University. This scale makes it possible for students, faculty members, and deans to deal with each other on a personal basis. Ideally, each student will build up a network of professors who are knowledgeable about different aspects of his or her studies, as well as rapport with one or more members of the Dean's Office staff. This pattern begins during the first year and continues to develop throughout the work for the bachelor's degree. For example, the professors who teach freshmen proseminars typically take an interest in their students and are prepared to offer general advice and support.

Most counseling about course choices during the first two years, when students focus on the Core curriculum, takes place in the Dean's Office. Each entering first-year or transfer student is assigned to one of the Associate and Assistant Deans, who hold office hours on virtually every day of the academic year. One of their primary responsibilities is to help students work out an academic program that will enable them to complete their studies on schedule while also pursuing interests in elective subjects. The deans also direct students to members of the faculty who share their interests in one or more areas, and these introductions are among the most fruitful ways of identifying professors to serve as mentors in the major during junior and senior years.

The deans continue to provide additional support for students during junior and senior years on a wide variety of subjects, including study abroad. Please see the website for further information.

DESCRIPTIONS OF COURSES
SPONSORED BY THE SCHOOL

As noted above, the course work for the Core and for the SFS majors draws on the offerings of several different Departments as well as courses sponsored directly by the School of Foreign Service. Courses sponsored by a Department are described under the heading of that Department. Courses sponsored by the School appear under two categories on the University website. International Affairs (prefix "INAF") houses courses that serve the Core curriculum as well as upper-level courses that are integral to more than one major in the School. Courses commissioned for the majors in International Economics (prefix "IECO"), International Political Economy (prefix "PECO/IPEC"), Culture and Politics ("CULP") and Science, Technology, and International Affairs ("STIA") appear under the categories for those programs. For detailed listings of all departmental courses that figure in the SFS curriculum please see the SFS website, www.georgetown.edu/sfs/bsfs/.

HONORS IN THE SCHOOL OF FOREIGN SERVICE

Every semester, academic honors are noted on full-time students' transcripts based on their grade point average for that semester. "First honors" are awarded to students who earn a 3.900 GPA or higher; "second honors" are awarded to those who earn at least a 3.700 GPA and students who earn at least a 3.500 are on the "Dean's list." Semester honors are recognized in a permanent notation on official transcripts.

Upon graduation, final academic honors are determined by the cumulative GPA. Students with a 3.900 cumulative GPA or higher graduate summa cum laude; 3.700 to 3.899, magna cum laude; and 3.500 to 3.699, cum laude. Final academic honors are printed on all official transcripts.

The Peter F. Krogh Honors Seminar

Named for the Dean Emeritus of the School of Foreign Service, this seminar offers 15 highly qualified students the opportunity to work closely with a senior member of the faculty. The Krogh seminar always addresses a theme of central importance in international affairs, with the topic and professor changing from year to year. Participation in the Krogh seminar is by invitation. Students who successfully complete the seminar receive the Peter F. Krogh medal at the annual Tropaia ceremony during graduation weekend.

Honors in the Majors

Students who meet the criteria to graduate with honors in the major outlined above receive an honors citation on their final transcripts. They are also recognized at the annual Tropaia ceremony during graduation weekend.

National Honor Societies

Students in the School of Foreign Service are eligible for election to Phi Beta Kappa, Alpha Sigma Nu (Jesuit National Honor Society), Omicron Delta Epsilon (Economics National Honor Society), Pi Sigma Alpha (National Honor Society in Political Science), Phi Alpha Theta (International Honor Society in History), Pi Delta Phi (National French Honor Society), Sigma Delta Pi (National Spanish Honor Society), Phi Lambda Beta (Portuguese National Honor Society), and Dobro Slovo (National Slavic Honor Society).

In order to be considered for Phi Beta Kappa, a student must have a minimum cumulative grade point average of 3.7 at the end of senior year and rank in the top 10% of the School's graduating class. Students with a 3.85 cumulative GPA or higher at the end of their junior year are also considered for membership at that time. In addition, the student must have completed two courses in college-level mathematics or science with a letter grade or have received corresponding advanced placement credit. Information on courses which will satisfy the Phi Beta Kappa math/science requirement is available from Dean Andretta, who recently served as president of the Georgetown chapter.

The School's three-semester requirement in history plus one additional course in this discipline are sufficient for eligibility for Phi Alpha Theta. Advanced placement credit in history does not qualify a student for Phi Alpha Theta, for which you must have completed a minimum of four college-level courses in history. Eight political science courses (which may include the ones required for the SFS Core), establish eligibility for Pi Sigma Alpha.

For detailed information about each of the honor societies open to School of Foreign Service students, please see the section "Honors and Awards" in this Bulletin. The foreign language honor societies are listed under "Awards of the Faculty of Languages and Linguistics."

FELLOWSHIPS, SCHOLARSHIPS, AND PRIZES

Students from the School of Foreign Service are very successful competitors for a variety of post-graduate fellowships and scholarships, including the DAAD, Fulbright, Luce, Marshall, Mellon, Rhodes, and Truman. For the DAAD and Fulbright contact the Office of International Programs in Poulton Hall. For the Marshall, Luce, and Rhodes, see Dr. John Glavin. For the Truman Scholarship, see Dean Steigman. The following fellowships and awards are administered through the School of Foreign Service.

Circumnavigators Club Fellowship

The Circumnavigators Club Foundation sponsors a special fellowship for a 90-day summer research trip around the world. Interested students compete for these awards during their junior year by submitting project proposals and defending them during an interview.

China Studies Fellowships

Under a 1980 agreement between Georgetown University and National Chengchi University of Taiwan, six China Studies Fellowships, including tuition, room, and board, may be awarded to undergraduates, graduating seniors, and graduate students with advanced Chinese language ability to pursue study at National Chengchi University. Information on these fellowships may be obtained through the Asian Studies program.

Junior Fellows in Diplomacy

Two Junior Fellowships in Diplomacy are awarded annually to School of Foreign Service seniors who work on individual research and writing projects under the guidance of resident associates of the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy. Research and essay topics focus on themes consistent with the Institute's mission, to examine the process, conduct, and environment of diplomacy and the personal qualities required of an effective diplomat. Successful applicants register for a three-credit tutorial as part of their normal schedule of courses and receive a grant of $3,000 each.

The DACOR Fellowship

Established by Diplomatic and Consular Officers Retired (DACOR), this fellowship is awarded each year to an outstanding member of the graduating class who wishes to pursue advanced study in international relations at an institution of higher learning in the United States.

The Horace Porter Prize

This annual competition, established in honor of the late Horace Porter, ambassador to France from 1897-1905, takes place in late spring. Prizes are awarded for the best essays on the subject "Anticipating Future Diplomatic and Strategic Problems."

CERTIFICATE PROGRAMS

Certificate Programs mark secondary levels of concentration in preparation for the bachelor's degree. They are strictly optional and carry no special weight as academic credentials outside the immediate university community. Certificates are awarded only in conjunction with the undergraduate degree and are distributed with the diploma at commencement. The certificates in African Studies, Arab Studies, Asian Studies, Australian and New Zealand Studies, European Studies, German Studies, Latin American Studies, Muslim-Christian Understanding, and Russian and East European Studies are affiliated with centers within the School of Foreign Service that sponsor research and, in some cases, graduate study. Students may present themselves as candidates for no more than ONE certificate and only ONE will be listed on the transcript.

Certificate programs should be viewed as means for focusing interests and structuring elective course work. While a certificate program might require a student to select an advisor from its faculty, the student should also discuss the certificate, and its role within the general bachelor's program, with his or her primary faculty mentor. Although some overlap between the courses required for the majors and certificates is permissible, maintaining the coherence of the study plan for the major is of the greatest importance. A list of certificates recognized by the School is given below. Please see the SFS website for details.

Certificate in African Studies

Certificate in Arab Studies

Certificate in Asian Studies

Certificate in Australian and New Zealand Studies

Certificate in European Studies

Certificate in International Business Diplomacy

Certificate in International Development

Certificate in Jewish Civilization

Certificate in Justice & Peace

Certificate in Latin American Studies

Certificate in Medieval Studies

Certificate in Muslim-Christian Understanding

Certificate in Russian, Eurasian, and East European Studies

Certificate in Social and Political Thought

Certificate in Women's and Gender Studies

TUTORIALS

Tutorials offer students special opportunities to study subjects that are not part of the regular curriculum. Usually, tutorials involve one student and one faculty member, although occasionally a group of two or three students will band together to pursue a subject of common interest. Normally, tutorials are given by full-time faculty members to full-time students in good academic standing. Tutorials represent a teaching overload for professors, so students cannot expect that faculty members will necessarily agree to offer tutorials at their convenience. Tutorials should represent an intellectual commitment and work load similar to that required of a normal three-credit course. As a rule students take no more than two tutorials in the course of their undergraduate careers, although the special arrangements in place for honors work in some SFS majors might fall outside this guideline.

Students in the School of Foreign Service interested in setting up a tutorial must meet five conditions: 1) the subject of the tutorial is not available as a regular University course; 2) there is an intellectually compelling reason for studying this subject as part of the undergraduate degree; 3) a faculty member with the appropriate expertise is available and willing to offer the tutorial; 4) the Department chair and Dean Andretta, director of the undergraduate program, approve the request; 5) the appropriate paperwork is submitted to the Dean's Office in a timely fashion (note: forms to request approval for tutorials are available from the receptionist in the Dean's Office). Any tutorial that is approved as a substitute for a Core or major requirement must be taken for a quality grade (A through F). Tutorials that are taken for elective credit may be taken for a quality grade or on a pass/fail basis. Credits for tutorials cost the same as regular course credits. All the academic regulations governing the regular curriculum are applicable to tutorials. Tutorials come in two varieties, reading courses and research tutorials:

• Reading courses usually focus on mastering the scholarly literature on a particular subject. For example, a reading course on the origins of the French Revolution might focus on the major historiographical interpretations of the Revolution as well as on critiques of this literature. The backbone of any reading tutorial is a substantial reading list put together with the help of the supervising professor. The tutorial would meet weekly or biweekly and stress discussion of the readings for that period. A variety of written assignments could be appropriate means of assessment, including, for example, bibliographical essays, critical reviews, or analyses of one or more problems raised by the literature.
• Research tutorials focus on the collection and analysis of primary materials in the form of a major research paper. In framing a project, you should seek guidance from the professor. The most typical flaw in undergraduate research projects is biting off more material than you can reasonably digest in a single semester or choosing a subject on which the necessary data is not available. Research tutorials meet weekly or as the pace of the project demands. The final papers vary in length according to the subject, but a 25-page minimum would be about average for the social sciences.

Please note: the material addressed in both reading courses and research tutorials should be defined in a way that allows you to finish all work for the tutorial by the end of the semester. Incompletes are not routinely granted for tutorials.

Many students ask about using a tutorial as a mechanism for getting credit for internships. It is sometimes possible to schedule a research tutorial that is compatible with the content of an internship and draws on some of the research carried out for the internship. Officially, credit is granted for the tutorial, not for the internship itself. You should be aware of the fact that most internships students find in Washington (especially those working for members of Congress) are not well-suited to tutorial programs. In fact, unless the internship contains a substantial research component, it is probably not feasible to set up a tutorial for credit. Please note that you may receive credit for only one internship-related tutorial during your undergraduate career. For more information, please see Dean Andretta.

STUDYING ABROAD

The School of Foreign Service strongly believes that a period of study in another country can contribute an invaluable intercultural dimension and language-learning opportunity to the educational preparation of all who aspire to international careers. Students are, therefore, encouraged to develop appropriate plans for foreign study in conjunction with their educational program at the School. In most cases students must be fully enrolled in a recognized foreign university, studying in the native language with students of the host country. Such direct matriculation puts a premium on post-advanced knowledge of the appropriate foreign language and is most feasible in countries in which French, German, Italian, and Spanish (or English) are the languages of instruction. A number of modified options are available in Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, and Russian-speaking parts of the world. These combine a heavy emphasis on language acquisition with a limited selection of course work in English, often with a regional focus. The Office of International Programs is currently developing a range of study abroad programs that meet other needs, including intensive language study of French and other European languages. For more detailed information on overseas study for undergraduate students in the School of Foreign Service, see the website.

One of the most important issues to address in terms of study abroad is how the course work taken away from Georgetown will or will not contribute to one's progress towards the degree, especially the requirements for the major. This is a subject for careful planning and consultation with one's faculty mentor and the curricular dean responsible for coordination of the major. The deans bear final responsibility for crediting course work taken abroad towards degree requirements.

• Participants must be full-time students while overseas, unless their dean has given pre-approval for a reduced course load. A full course load is considered to be the same as that of a regular full-time degree candidate at the host university, as detailed on the Program Information Sheet. Recreational travel must not interfere with regularly scheduled classes. Students take the regular exams normally administered to degree students at the host university. All course assignments and examinations must be completed by the time of departure from country at the end of the academic year.
• All rules for student conduct, as outlined in the Georgetown University "Student Handbook," continue to apply while the student is overseas.
• Participants are expected to comply with the laws of the country where they are studying and those of the countries in which they travel. Students are also subject to all academic and disciplinary regulations of the host university. While overseas, students should conduct themselves as guests, keeping in mind that they are subject to all the laws of the country while not necessarily enjoying the same privileges as nationals. Georgetown University students are expected to remain observers of political activities rather than participants. Becoming a political activist may endanger one's safety or that of one's colleagues in the program, and will almost certainly jeopardize the program itself.

STUDYING AT OTHER AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS

Students frequently request permission to take courses from another U.S. college or university. Most students do this in the summer, although infrequently students study elsewhere during the academic year to take advantage of the particular strengths of another college or for financial reasons. You may transfer up to 12 credits (4 courses) from another domestic university after enrollment at the School of Foreign Service. Each course must be approved in advance by the Standards Committee of the School. You must earn a grade of at least C to transfer a course from another U.S. institution.

FIVE-YEAR PROGRAMS

The School of Foreign Service and the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences sponsor several five-year Bachelor's/Master's programs for those students who plan to continue their professional education in international affairs at the graduate level. Third-year students in the School of Foreign Service who have maintained an honors academic average are eligible to apply to one of six multidisciplinary Master's degree programs within the School. They are: Master of Arts in Arab Studies (MAAS), Master of Arts in German and European Studies (MAGES), Master of Arts in Latin American Studies (MALAS), Master of Arts in Russian and East European Studies (MAREES), Master of Science in Foreign Service (MSFS), and Master of Science in National Security Studies. Successful applicants matriculate fully into the graduate program in the fourth year and will receive the Bachelor's and Master's degrees simultaneously upon completion of a fifth year of course work selected to satisfy the divisional and elective requirements of both programs. In addition, the School of Foreign Service offers the BSFS/MBA (sponsored jointly with the School of Business). Please see the website for details on each five-year program.

Students interested in applying for any five-year program should select their third-year major courses in consultation with the director of the appropriate graduate program and with Dean Steigman.

Admission for these programs is highly competitive. Applicants must satisfy all published application procedures except for the Graduate Record Examination; admission to the MBA program requires the Graduate Management Admissions Test. The general requirements for eligibility for a five-year program are as follows. A candidate must: maintain a cumulative grade point average at the level of 3.5 through the first semester of junior year, which is the time of application; receive permission (following an interview) from the director of the appropriate graduate program; and pass a preliminary review by the School of Foreign Service Committee on Standards, which will endorse and forward acceptable applications to the director of the appropriate graduate program. This endorsement will depend on the student's completion by the end of the Junior Year of the SFS Core curriculum and half the required courses in the major, as well as satisfactory progress toward the foreign language proficiency and maintenance of a cumulative grade point average of at least 3.5 through the conclusion of the junior year.

Work completed for the Master's degree will be accepted in fulfillment of undergraduate divisional requirements and free electives. Successful students receive both the Bachelor's and Master's degrees at the end of the fifth year of study. Without exception, the two degrees are conferred simultaneously upon the successful completion of all undergraduate and graduate requirements. It is the student's responsibility to know both sets of requirements as well as the dates by which degree applications must be submitted to both the SFS Dean's Office and the Graduate School office.

Students who have not completed all Core requirements during the first three years will be expected to take the remaining courses in summer school or as additional courses during the fourth and fifth years.

For purposes of housing, financial aid, and tuition, fourth-year students in the five-year programs maintain their undergraduate status. Transfer to graduate status for the fifth year also entails a change in tuition. Application for financial aid and on-campus housing for the fifth year must be made under the guidelines established by the Graduate School.

For further information about and applications to the Five-Year Programs, please see Dean Steigman.

ACADEMIC POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

The School of Foreign Service operates within the parameters of the general academic policies shared by all the undergraduate schools of the University which are explained in this Bulletin under "Academic Regulations." Details of our procedures for implementation of these policies are spelled out on the SFS website. Please note that cases of academic dishonesty involving students in the School of Foreign Service are handled by the Honor Council, which has jurisdiction over all undergraduates in the University.

NORMS OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND
ACADEMIC REVIEW

Every semester, the Committee on Standards and Student Academic Programs reviews the transcript of every undergraduate enrolled in the School of Foreign Service. The Standards Committee is composed of three faculty members, two deans, and a student representative. There are a number of things that post a red flag on a student's record, prompting action on the part of the Standards Committee. These include unsatisfactory grades (including D+ and D) in key elements of the Core curriculum, failure to enroll in required classes, failure to enroll in language classes if the proficiency requirement is not completed, patterns of withdrawals, unauthorized incompletes, failures (including a grade of U in Map of the Modern World), and low cumulative grade point averages. For general information on University policies on academic deficiency and the range of sanctions that may be imposed as a result, please see the section of this Bulletin titled "Academic Regulations."

The Standards Committee has authority to impose sanctions on students whose academic performance it finds deficient. These sanctions include probation, final probation, suspension for one or two semesters, and dismissal from the University. In general, sanctions reflect the nature of the academic deficiencies they aim to address. For example, a student who fails a course is usually placed on probation. If he or she fails a second course or takes an unauthorized incomplete while on probation, the new sanction may escalate to final probation or suspension. A third accumulated failure would probably lead to dismissal from the University. In some cases the Committee may offer a student the opportunity to take a leave of absence or withdraw from the University in lieu of imposing a sanction. In making its deliberations, the Committee considers the whole of a student's academic record, not just isolated marks in particular classes.

The Standards Committee meets in closed session. Students whose cases are under review are not present, but they are encouraged to submit a written statement and any other documents which they believe will clarify the situation. The Committee's decisions are communicated to students in writing.

In cases in which a student is suspended or dismissed, he or she has the right to appeal. To file an appeal, the student must request a hearing with the Academic Appeals Board of the School of Foreign Service, a body composed of three faculty members, one student, and the Dean or his representative. Students must also submit a written statement outlining the grounds for the appeal to the Dean's Office and any other materials that clarify the case at least one working day prior to the meeting of the Appeals Board.

The Appeals Board meets in private. Students are responsible for presenting their own cases. Each appellant may call one character witness, who will testify to the Board in the absence of the appellant. The Board deliberates in closed session (without the presence of the appellants or their witnesses) and reaches its decisions by majority vote. It may overturn decisions of the Standards Committee or impose less severe sanctions, but it may not substitute harsher penalties than those under appeal. Decisions of the Board are communicated to appellants in writing within one working day. These decisions are final and not subject to further appeal.

Undergraduate Bulletin 2007-2008 Table of Contents
Copyright 2007, Georgetown University.